 Brownfields are environmentally impaired and in most cases abandoned or unutilized property typically found in urban areas. Historically these properties have been overlooked due to the liability associated with them. However, with technological advances, risk-based closure strategies and the location of many properties, redevelopment is becoming a viable option. Additionally, redevelopment of Brownfields is encouraged by Federal, State and Local governments, through tax incentives and grants.
Most states have Voluntary Cleanup or Voluntary Action Programs (VCPs/VAPs) available. These programs, which typically involve risk based closures, expedite remediation and closure of Brownfield properties. Risk-based closures evaluate the types and levels of contaminants in the soil and groundwater with respect to the designated future use of the property. The remedial action plan must reduce the contaminant levels below the designated clean up levels in order to obtain closure from the regulatory agency. Typically indemnification for the property owner and all subsequent property owners is included as part of the closure.
| 
